Otal miR-16, miR-30a, miR-223 and miR320b, as well as Ago2 complex-associated miR-16, miR-30a, miR223 and miR-320b in the HL60 cells with or without ATRA treatment. *, p,0.05; **, p,0.01. (DOC) Figure S4 Enhancement of the association of miR-4235p with Ago2 complexes in HeLa MVs by TNFa treatment. A) Relative levels of total miR-423-5p, as well as Ago2 complex-associated miR-423-5p in the HeLa cell-derived MVs. Prior to MV isolation, HeLa cells were treated with or without TNFa. B) The resistance of miR-423-5p in HeLa cellderived MVs to degradation by RNaseA. *, p,0.05; **, p,0.01. (DOC)Supporting InformationTable S1 Plasma miRNA level detected by SolexaAuthor ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: KZ CYZ. Performed 
the experiments: LL DZ LH JZ ZB. Analyzed the data: XC YL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YL. Wrote the paper: KZ.Sequencing. Total miRNA copy number = 3780436. Only miRNAs with copy number 1500 were shown. (DOCX)
We originally discovered collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1) in a screen for novel sequences induced in rat purchase (-)-Indolactam V carotid arteries upon balloon catheter injury [1]. The response to this injury results in constrictive remodeling with reduction in lumen size and fibrosis of the adventitia. Cthrc1 was not expressed in normal vessels, but was induced in adventitial cells in remodeling arteries. In addition, Cthrc1 expression was observed in dermal ��-Sitosterol ��-D-glucoside site fibroblasts during skin wound healing [1]. Targeted replacement of the first exon of the Cthrc1 gene by a LacZ reporter gene in mice was reported to demonstrate expression of Cthrc1 in inner ear hair cells [2]. This study described abnormalities in inner ear development when Cthrc1 null mice were crossed with mice 1317923 carrying one mutant allele of Vangl2, but these abnormalities were only observed when the compound mutants were on a mixed 129/SvEv-C57BL/6 genetic background and not when the mutants were crossed with outbredCD-1 mice. In connection with in vitro data derived from cocultures of transfected HEK293T, the authors concluded that Cthrc1 is involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling as part of the planar cell polarity pathway [2]. A separate mutant Cthrc1 mouse with deletion of exon 2 was reported to have reduced bone mass [3]. Expression analyses at the RNA level using in situ hybridization have identified the sites of Cthrc1 expression during embryonic development. In addition, our studies have also shown that Cthrc1 is expressed by the activated fibroblast of remodeling tissues following injury [4]. Whether Cthrc1 protein is constitutively expressed in any tissues of normal adult animals has so far remained unclear largely because reliable antibodies suitable for detection of Cthrc1 at the cellular level were not available. The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland, with the anterior pituitary expressing and secreting a variety of hormones and the posterior pituitary releasing oxytocin as well as vasopressin expressed by neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus. Colloid-Hormonal Functions of Cthrcfilled follicles of the anterior pituitary containing PAS (periodicacid Schiff reaction) positive material have been reported in several vertebrates including humans [5,6]. These follicles have been known to increase in number and size with age. The content of the follicles was reported to include polysaccharides and glycoproteins but none of the known pituitary hormones have hitherto been localized to them. To our knowledge, the fu.Otal miR-16, miR-30a, miR-223 and miR320b, as well as Ago2 complex-associated miR-16, miR-30a, miR223 and miR-320b in the HL60 cells with or without ATRA treatment. *, p,0.05; **, p,0.01. (DOC) Figure S4 Enhancement of the association of miR-4235p with Ago2 complexes in HeLa MVs by TNFa treatment. A) Relative levels of total miR-423-5p, as well as Ago2 complex-associated miR-423-5p in the HeLa cell-derived MVs. Prior to MV isolation, HeLa cells were treated with or without TNFa. B) The resistance of miR-423-5p in HeLa cellderived MVs to degradation by RNaseA. *, p,0.05; **, p,0.01. (DOC)Supporting InformationTable S1 Plasma miRNA level detected by SolexaAuthor ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: KZ CYZ. Performed the experiments: LL DZ LH JZ ZB. Analyzed the data: XC YL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YL. Wrote the paper: KZ.Sequencing. Total miRNA copy number = 3780436. Only miRNAs with copy number 1500 were shown. (DOCX)
We originally discovered collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1) in a screen for novel sequences induced in rat carotid arteries upon balloon catheter injury [1]. The response to this injury results in constrictive remodeling with reduction in lumen size and fibrosis of the adventitia. Cthrc1 was not expressed in normal vessels, but was induced in adventitial cells in remodeling arteries. In addition, Cthrc1 expression was observed in dermal fibroblasts during skin wound healing [1]. Targeted replacement of the first exon of the Cthrc1 gene by a LacZ reporter gene in mice was reported to demonstrate expression of Cthrc1 in inner ear hair cells [2]. This study described abnormalities in inner ear development when Cthrc1 null mice were crossed with mice 1317923 carrying one mutant allele of Vangl2, but these abnormalities were only observed when the compound mutants were 
on a mixed 129/SvEv-C57BL/6 genetic background and not when the mutants were crossed with outbredCD-1 mice. In connection with in vitro data derived from cocultures of transfected HEK293T, the authors concluded that Cthrc1 is involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling as part of the planar cell polarity pathway [2]. A separate mutant Cthrc1 mouse with deletion of exon 2 was reported to have reduced bone mass [3]. Expression analyses at the RNA level using in situ hybridization have identified the sites of Cthrc1 expression during embryonic development. In addition, our studies have also shown that Cthrc1 is expressed by the activated fibroblast of remodeling tissues following injury [4]. Whether Cthrc1 protein is constitutively expressed in any tissues of normal adult animals has so far remained unclear largely because reliable antibodies suitable for detection of Cthrc1 at the cellular level were not available. The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland, with the anterior pituitary expressing and secreting a variety of hormones and the posterior pituitary releasing oxytocin as well as vasopressin expressed by neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus. Colloid-Hormonal Functions of Cthrcfilled follicles of the anterior pituitary containing PAS (periodicacid Schiff reaction) positive material have been reported in several vertebrates including humans [5,6]. These follicles have been known to increase in number and size with age. The content of the follicles was reported to include polysaccharides and glycoproteins but none of the known pituitary hormones have hitherto been localized to them. To our knowledge, the fu.