hose that showed the strongest response to stress conditions, as identified by both iTRAQ and 2DGE analyses. All of these proteins were upregulated during the stress period in both genotypes examined and the effect was more pronounced in the CE704 genotype. The strongest response was observed for several small heat shock proteins that protect other proteins from denaturation and that facilitate the renaturation of misfolded proteins. The accumulation of HSPs during dehydration is regarded as a general Drought Tolerance in Maize Protein Ranked according to the CE704 genotype Dehydrin RAB-17 Dehydrin RAB-17 Hypothetical protein Heat shock protein 16.9 kDa Hypothetical protein Ribonucleoprotein A AT-hook protein 1 Sugar carrier protein C WD-repeat protein Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase-like protein Ranked according to the 2023 genotype Dehydrin RAB17 Heat shock protein 16.9 kDa Dehydrin RAB-17 Hypothetical protein Heat shock protein 17.4 kDa Elongation factor 1-delta Nucleoside-triphosphatase Ferredoxin Ribonucleoprotein A Phosphatase PHOSPHO1 CE704 2023 Matching sequence Closest homolog with known function Species Functional category 30.1 16.2 14.2 13.6 13.0 4.6 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 15.0 6.9 4.4 7.7 6.1 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM Dehydrins Dehydrins Miscellaneous Chaperons Miscellaneous Gene expr. + regulation Gene expr. + regulation Membrane + transport Gene expr. + regulation Miscellaneous 30.1 13. 6 16.2 13.0 8.3 1.9 1.2 1.2 2.8 2.3 15.0 7.7 6.9 6.1 6.0 5.2 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM ZM Dehydrins Chaperons Dehydrins Miscellaneous Chaperons Gene expr. + regulation Stress proteins Photosynthetic ETC Gene expr. + regulation Miscellaneous The number in the column ��CE704”, resp. ��2023”, represents the n-fold increase or decrease in the protein content after 6 days of drought, derived from the ratio SCE704/ CCE704 in case of the increased protein content and from the formula: 1/ in case of the decreased protein content. ETC = electron transport chain; ZM = Zea mays L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038017.t001 marker of plant stress tolerance and it has been PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189787 observed that sHSPs accumulate to a large extent during drought and heat stress in the tolerant genotypes of wheat than in the sensitive ones. Similarly, genotype-dependent changes in HSP MedChemExpress Talampanel levels were observed in the leaves of eight poplar genotypes subjected to an insufficient water supply. Xu and Huang reported an increase in the 
abundance of several HSPs in a drought-tolerant cultivar of Kentucky bluegrass but not in a drought-sensitive cultivar. Dehydrins, the members of the second group of late embryogenesis abundant proteins , showed the greatest increase in their levels in our plants subjected to stress conditions, again particularly in the CE704 genotype. The expression of these hydrophilic, thermostable, glycine-rich proteins is known to be induced under dehydration in both tolerant and sensitive genotypes of various plant species. These proteins accumulate simultaneously with other LEA proteins in response to different types of stress. Dehydrins are important for preserving the stability of membrane proteins and the adjustment of cell osmotic pressure as well as for macromolecular stabilization and the prevention of cell protein denaturation by the binding of water molecules to their surfaces. Veeranagamallaiah et al. have also suggested that LEA proteins could act as a special form of molecular chaperones that would prevent the aggregation o