Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon
Cci, A.R.; Badiani, M.; Manti, F.; Bonsignore, C.P.; Sorgon A.; Ciaffi, M. Diterpene Resin Acids and Olefins in Calabrian Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire) Oleoresin: GC-MS Profiling of Major Diterpenoids in Various Plant Organs, Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Diterpene Synthase Genes. Plants 2021, ten, 2391. doi/10.3390/ plants10112391 Academic Editors: Mitja Kolar, Iztok Joze Kosir and Sofia Caretto Received: 27 September 2021 Accepted: four November 2021 Published: 5 NovemberDipartimento di Agraria, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.S.) Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Universitdella Tuscia, By way of S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (A.R.P.) Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitdi Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto eight, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, UniversitMediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (C.P.B.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0761-357-424; Fax: +39-0761-357-Abstract: A quali-quantitative analysis of diterpenoid composition in tissues obtained from Cyclin G-associated Kinase (GAK) Molecular Weight distinct organs of Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire (Calabrian pine) was carried out. Diterpene resin acids have been the most abundant diterpenoids across all the examined tissues. The exact same nine diterpene resin acids had been constantly identified, with all the abietane variety prevailing on the pimarane kind, though their quantitative distribution was located to be remarkably tissue-specific. The scrutiny from the offered literature revealed DNA-PK Molecular Weight Species specificity too. A phylogeny-based method permitted us to isolate 4 cDNAs coding for diterpene synthases in Calabrian pine, every of which belonging to one of the 4 groups into which the d3 clade in the plants’ terpene synthases loved ones is usually divided. The deduced amino acid sequences allowed predicting that each monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases are involved inside the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Calabrian pine. Transcript profiling revealed differential expression across the different tissues and was discovered to become consistent with the corresponding diterpenoid profiles. The isolation with the complete genomic sequences and the determination of their exon/intron structures permitted us to place the diterpene synthase genes from Calabrian pine around the background of present suggestions around the functional evolution of diterpene synthases in Gymnosperms. Keywords and phrases: diterpenoids; diterpene synthase; Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire; Calabrian pine; pine oleoresin; genomic organization of gymnosperm diterpene synthases; diterpene resin acidPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is definitely an open access short article distributed beneath the terms and conditions with the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Essential to Plant Species: Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., 1768; balsam fir; Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., grand fir; Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch.