24 June 2013 / Published: 12 JulyAbstract: Fatty acids may perhaps have an influence on immune functions, that is essential in instances of increased mobilization of body fat, e.g., around parturition. The aim with the present study was to investigate the effects of the CLA isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12, phytanic acid (PA), linoleic acid (LA) in addition to a fatty acid (FA) mixture (containing 29.8 palmitic acid, 6.7 palmitoleic acid, 17.4 stearic acid and 46.1 oleic acid) around the proliferation of bovine blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro applying alamar blue (AB) and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Quantitative true time polymerase chain reaction analyses had been performed to evaluate the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)- in response to cis-9,trans-11 and LA. The IC50 values did not differ involving the investigated FA, but there were variations within the proliferation within the response of those FA within a concentration variety in between 20 and 148 (e.g., elevated proliferation right after therapy with decrease concentrations of LA). No variations occurred when diverse FA combinations had been tested. ConA stimulation improved the expression of TNF- and IFN-, whereas IL-10 decreased. Normally, neither the baseline expression norNutrients 2013, 5 the ConA-stimulated mRNA expression of cytokines and PPAR- were impacted by the FA. In conclusion, all FA inhibit the proliferation of PBMC dose dependently without the need of significantly altering the induced cytokine spectrum of activated bovine PBMC.CF53 Keywords: conjugated linoleic acid; phytanic acid; bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells; proliferation; cytokine expression1.Coronatine Introduction Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional isomers from the C18:two fatty acid (FA) linoleic acid.PMID:23773119 They may be characterized by the conjugated position of their double bonds. They happen predominantly in ruminants, since CLA, and specifically the cis-9,trans-11 isomer, are intermediate items of the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by ruminal microorganisms [1,2]. The proportion of cis-9,trans-11 CLA in the serum is rather low (0.02 g/100 g total FA), but increased ten fold as a result of feeding fresh pasture [3]. An alternative pathway to kind CLA is via endogenous synthesis by 9-desaturase and trans-11 C18:1 as a precursor [4], that is also observed in non-ruminants like humans [5]. While CLA is formed in ruminants (particularly the cis-9,trans-11 isomer), the supplementation of dairy cows with CLA gains in value due to the fact of its milk fat lowering impact that is primarily ascribed to the trans-10,cis-12 isomer [6]. Having said that, details on immune modulating effects of CLA in dairy cows and bovine cells are scarce. Feeding a CLA mixture to dairy cows had no impact on the mitogen-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) ex vivo [7], however the proliferation of splenocytes was decreased within the CLA-fed group 105 days post partum [8]. Within the latter study, the effects on cytokine expression had been rather conflicting. In these research a mixture of different CLA isomers was used (primarily cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12). The impact of unique CLA isomers on the proliferation of bovine PBMC has not yet been investigated. Yet another possible bioactive fatty acid is the C20 branched chain FA phytanic acid (PA, 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) [9]. PA originates from phytol, a side chain of chlor.